Que(e)rying Queer Discourse

Taylor: Contemporary artists outside of the West have used a variety of media to grapple with the oppressions they face in a post-colonial context.

Shakhsari: Despite the fact that the new inclusion and the visibility of the Iranian queer in cyberspace is positive, one must be extremely wary of the nature of this “acceptance” and critique the hegemonic and homonationalist discourses to which this “tolerance” adheres.

Shakhsari deftly tackles the subject of the Iranian queer, suddenly made hypervisible through the powers of cyberspace. Naturally, queer visibility and a move towards the acceptance and even celebration of queer people is a positive thing… But is it so thoroughly positive? Much of the Iranian diaspora, it seems, embraces a pseudo-inclusive mind-set, a bizarre sort of homophobic non-homophobia that seems all too familiar for queers anywhere. It’s the sort of irritating “I’m fine with gays, as long as they don’t hit on me” mentality, the “not in my backyard” thinking that feigns acceptance and really only whitewashes the homophobia just beneath the surface. Queerness, like “diaspora”, has become chic in the blogosphere, a trendy way of positioning yourself against the Iranian state, now with queers added! More disturbing than this “add queers and stir” method that Shakhsari identifies, in my mind, is the homonationalist discourse that dominates the queer Iranian blogosphere. While queer activists like Parsi are instrumental and have certainly done a lot for gay and lesbian Iranians, they have also left many of their queer siblings behind. When queer became chic, only the homonormative became chic, only certain Iranian queers were deemed “representable subjects” in this strategic inclusion. Much like the queer community in a national or even international perspective, it is the most privileged or most “normative” members of the community who are made visible, who are accepted, who are given agency. As Fraser has shown us (us here being ARTH/AFR 316, of course!), we must critique even the structures that give us (limited) power, we occasionally have to bite the proverbial hand that feeds if we wish to seek more satisfying sustenance later on. Shakhsari understands this, and chooses not to comply with homonormative and homonationalist discourses, instead remaining skeptical and attempting to queer the dominant queer discourse in a quest for an even better future.

Visibility through Cyberspace

Summary: In “From Homoerotics of Exile to Homopolitics of Diaspora,” Sima Shakhsari adequately argues that while cyberspace creates hypervisibility through mobilizations induced by Internet communication, it also provides political and entrepreneurial opportunities for Iranian diasporic queers.

Cyberspace provides visibility to the queer Iranian community, both within Iran and in the Iranian diaspora, while constructing a “perverted” identity of the West and an innocent identity of Iran within the Iranian exilic discourse. This reference to the West as being perverted is interesting because it places blame on the West for exposing Iranian queers to homosexuality, instead of accepting homosexuality as a natural identity. I was pleased at the fact that attitudes towards queer Iranians in exile shifted away from this discourse due to the introduction and expansion of cyberspace, which offers Iranian queers a safe, legitimate space to participate in dialogue and reach support from members abroad. However, I wonder how Iranian immigrants who do not have access to the internet are able to engage in conversation and receive information related to their identifiable community?

Also, similar to the ability of photographs to negotiate identity and produce images to promote acceptance, the internet possesses the power to do the same as a medium that has the capacity to reach a broad audience. I would assume that Internet blogs, videos, and articles are not as easy of targets to censorship as print media and publications. Is this true? If not, how are queer Iranians that are living in Iran able to interact with the queer diasporic Iranians? What are the censorship penalties (in Iran) of participating in internet conversation about queer identity?