Reason #3 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!
#8 Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today
#7 You will be sharing the experience with 1000s of others
#6 Human evolution encompasses a fascinating set of questions, bringing together many different disciplines
#5 Human health lies at the intersection of our evolutionary past and contemporary present
#4 207x meets on your time

Reason 3 – Understanding evolution connects our past with the present

The expression, “those who do not know the past are condemned to repeat it,” or some version thereof, is well known. And while I would not say that failure to know our evolutionary past condemns us to repeat it–indeed, the one constant in evolution is that time moves forward–it does have many lessons for us in the present.

Many of the fundamental challenges that face us in the modern world can be traced back to our Pleistocene evolutionary roots. The struggle for stable and sufficient food resources goes back to our foraging past and is pivotal in our transition to agricultural production in the Holocene. The movement to increasingly dense, urban lifestyles, also goes back at least to that transition, some 15,000 years ago. The challenge of dealing with aging, and the blessing and curse of increased longevity, has traces in the early Pleistocene. Our fascination and dependency on technology as a means to navigate and delimit our relationship with the world around us, goes back at least to the beginning of the Pleistocene (perhaps earlier, if recent research on the topic is correct).

The world's first grandmother? (or maybe grandfather...)

The world’s first grandmother? (or maybe grandfather…)

It is easy to view the contemporary (“modern”) world as a unique entity. Global climate change is a recent, human-caused problem. Public health epidemics are a problem with how we live today. Food insecurity is a contemporary political problem. All of these views are meaningful, but they also obscure the longer patterns of behavior and evolutionary change that stretch deep into our past. Better understanding this relationships gives us more capacity to understand and act in the face of contemporary challenges.

So, no, failing to understand our evolutionary past is not going to condemn you to an Australopithecine future. But…it does limit the knowledge available to you with which you can assess the present and contemplate the future.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , | Comments Off on Reason #3 to enroll in 207x

Reason #4 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!
#8 Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today
#7 You will be sharing the experience with 1000s of others
#6 Human evolution encompasses a fascinating set of questions, bringing together many different disciplines
#5 Human health lies at the intersection of our evolutionary past and contemporary present

Reason 4 – 207x meets on your time

207x takes time. If you participate fully in the course, it really will take you 4-6 hours a week to complete (more, if you become highly involved in the discussion forums or spend extra time re-watching lectures or reviewing assignments). Over twelve weeks, that is more than 50 hours of time. As a working parent of three, I know that 50 hours is not in any way an insignificant amount of time. I often long for a free 20 minutes in my day to day schedule (I am actually writing this post from a Starbucks parking lot during the warm-up for my daughter’s soccer game).

What makes that 50 hours manageable is that you can spread it out however you would like. The course is not divided into fifty one-hour lectures. Instead, the lecture content for the course is divided across about 166 videos, average about five minutes in length. They are always available to watch, and they are always available to go back and re-watch. They all have searchable, downloadable transcripts, synched to the video, to enable easier review. If you have a particularly busy week and need to take some time off…you can. If you want to spend a weekend binge-taking the course…you can.

All of this is not to say that all strategies for taking the course are likely to lead to the same positive learning outcome. But at least you have the freedom to structure your experience of the course around the realities of your schedule.

This was my first experience with online learning and what a wonderful experience it was. I graduated college with a degree in Anthropology in 1984 and have not been subjected to the rigors of academia since that time. Even with 3 kids, a full time job and a dog that always needed a walk in the middle of my 207X session, I managed to hang on and complete the course, even passing it!! The course you provided, in my opinion, truly set the bar very high. I want to thank Wellesley College for supporting MOOC, Professor Van Arsdale and staff for their excellent work in providing a superior online learning experience.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , | Comments Off on Reason #4 to enroll in 207x

Reason #5 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!
#8 Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today
#7 You will be sharing the experience with 1000s of others
#6 Human evolution encompasses a fascinating set of questions, bringing together many different disciplines

Reason 5 – Human health lies at the intersection of our evolutionary past and contemporary present

Knowledge is wonderful. I love knowing things just to know them. This is perhaps one of the qualities that has led me on the career path I have chosen, and one of the reasons I have loved being affiliated with institutions of higher education for 18 years and counting. But as great as it is to know something, it is even more satisfying when you can use that knowledge in meaningful ways. One of the areas that knowledge about how evolution works, and specifically knowledge about our evolutionary past as a species, becomes useful is in understanding contemporary human health.

As an example, my father and I have both been dealing with knee problems of late. My problems began 8 months ago when our family moved, and I spent several weeks lugging boxes and awkward furniture up and down stairs and into and out of trucks. My father’s problems seem to be more chronic, relating to years of wear and tear. Knee problems are not uncommon, and both situations, mine and my father’s, seem pretty standard. Many of us face similar kinds of health issues everyday. The most typical responses people have to health problems are either to ignore them, or to go to a doctor, both of which might produce varying kinds of outcomes (at the moment, I am doing the former, while my dad is doing the latter).

If we had bird legs, my dad and I probably would not have knee problems

If we had bird legs, my dad and I probably would not have knee problems

Questions of health like these can also be informed by understanding a little bit about our evolutionary past. In the case above, that understanding begins with knowing more about human anatomy, and the evolutionary events that have shaped our musculo-skeletal system. Our knee is a product of the compromises that went into the emergence of bipedality some five million years ago, and the evolution of a modern postcranial skeleton over the past two million years. We could interrogate the issue even further by looking at what kind of evolutionary environment shaped the knee over this time period, and how does our current reality, living in the 21st century, differ from that evolutionary past. Or we could think more critically about human gait–actually how we walk–and how we as individuals, in particular, walk. This kind of functional anatomy/biomechanic approach is commonly employed by biological anthropologists to understand our evolutionary past, but it also gives us a more informed vantage point on the present.

Perhaps instead, you are interested in the rising incidence of lyme disease in the United States. Taking an evolutionary perspective, we might have a better way of understanding the changing nature of such a human-parasite interaction. Or maybe you want to know why it seems like food allergies are so much more common than you remember as a kid? Again, an evolutionary/anthropological perspective can help.

Knowing something about evolution doesn’t make you a doctor. But it can provide you with a more informed position, allowing you to better interact with your physician. At a time when faux-science and anti-science health claims are incredibly widespread (see some examples here, here, and here). Science isn’t perfect, but scientific literary allows us to make more informed and critical decisions about a range of issues, including human health.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , , | Comments Off on Reason #5 to enroll in 207x

Reason #6 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!
#8 Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today
#7 You will be sharing the experience with 1000s of others

Reason 6 – Human evolution encompasses a fascinating set of questions, bringing together many different disciplines

What got me hooked on human evolution was my undergraduate senior thesis. I probably had a latent, National Geographic-inspired interest in the topic, but it was the effort of putting together that work that made me sure I wanted to go to grad school, get a Ph.D., and pursue this as a career.

My undergraduate thesis was a synthesis of literature on the question of whether or not the human species experienced a Late Pleistocene (~100-200 KYA) population bottleneck. On the surface, it seems a banal question. Did the human species get really small for a time during the ice ages? It turns out to be quite complex, though, and amenable to data and theory derived from lots of different sources. At the time, the mid/late ’90s, there was an emerging body of genetic literature on the topic. Groundbreaking work on mitochondrial DNA in the late ’80s and early ’90s had suggested the entire human species, or at least our mitochondrial DNA, had a relatively recent and narrow origin, someplace in Africa, sometime in the past 200,000 years. But a larger body of nuclear DNA data was just coming online, and those data were not quite so clear on this point. Much of my thesis was a review of this literature and grounded in my first voyage into population genetics theory.

But the topic expands into a whole host of other areas. What about the archaeological record? What can a widespread record of cultural change through time–some of it indicating continuity, some of it not–say about population history and our species origin? And doesn’t our understanding of subsistence foraging populations in the current and recent past inform these questions? And shouldn’t we ask questions about the paleoclimatic record in more detail? And don’t those lead into more complex ecological questions about specific habitat utilization? And don’t those questions lead back into questions about population dynamics, and back into that basic population genetics theory? And what about the whole host of related issues regarding human physiology, biological development, human plasticity, comparative nonhuman primate data, and on and on and on…

A brief perusal of the most recent issue of the Journal of Human Evolution reveals a similar diversity of topics:
* Stable isotope paleoecology of Late Pleistocene Middle Stone Age humans from the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya
* Spatial and temporal variation of body size among early Homo
* A geometric morphometrics comparative analysis of Neandertal humeri (epiphyses-fused) from the El Sidrón cave site
* The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura
* The lithic industry of Sima del Elefante (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)
* Dental eruption in East African wild chimpanzees
* Do bimanual coordination, tool use, and body posture contribute equally to hand preferences in bonobos?

The point being, human evolution is fascinating because it is a set of complex questions. As a paleoanthropologist, you are arriving on the scene of an investigation not knowing who the characters were involved, what happened, and how the events preceded. But you know something happened, otherwise you (and more broadly, we, as a species) wouldn’t be who you are today. Against these odds, though, are the many different lines of evidence that inform our understanding of the past. As an anthropologist first and foremost, I am naturally pre-disposed to enjoy this kind of interdisciplinary admixture. And hopefully you will, too…

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , , | Comments Off on Reason #6 to enroll in 207x

Reason #7 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!
#8 Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today

Reason 7 – You will be sharing the experience with 1000s of others

We are making a big enrollment push in anticipation of next week’s course re-launch. Yesterday alone, more than 1500 learners signed up for 207x, Introduction to Human Evolution. I don’t need to go more than a few dozen names down the list to find people ranging in age from 78 to 18, and home addresses as close as Cambridge, MA, or as far as Egypt, Australia, Hungary, South Africa, and Belize. The first run of 207x had students from more than 120 countries.

207x v1.0 student enrollment

207x v1.0 student enrollment

I am of two minds on the “massiveness” of MOOCs. On one hand, it is undeniably exciting. I was anticipating a large set of students during our first run, but even I was taken aback by what that actually looks like in practice. On the other hand, I tend to think the “massiveness” for the sake of massiveness gets overplayed in terms of its importance when it comes to MOOCs. It is fascinating to have a worldwide class–and in a course about human evolution, where human biological variation is the main theme, it has significant pedagogical value–but I firmly believe learning outcomes are at their best when students are personally engaged with a course, its instructors, and their fellow learners.

And this is where my two minds come together. One of the things I tried to encourage in the course’s first run was for learners to seek out other learners and share the experience. That there was a study group for 207x meeting in Bogota, Colombia, and another one in Saskatchewan, Canada, for example, blew me away. Groups of students met up and did museum trips and attended lectures at local institutions. I wrote about this at the time, but the idea that a MOOCs massiveness can facilitate social action and social learning is pretty incredible.

207x is an online course. You can take it on your schedule. But you don’t have to do it alone. This time around I am going to work even harder to try and facilitate those personal connections between students and solicit feedback on those encounters. As one student wrote at the end of our first run:

Don’t tell me that online education is not interactive, not emotional and not personal. I’ve never thought this would be possible in an online course. As a former teacher I loved the interaction in a classroom between students and myself, and this course was close to the real thing.

I couldn’t hope for anything more.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , , | Comments Off on Reason #7 to enroll in 207x

Reason #8 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.
#9 It’s open and free!

Reason 8 – Our evolutionary past informs how we understand human difference today

It is hard to look at the news each day–today mine features the double blow of the ongoing reaction to police violence in Baltimore and the combination of heroism and tragedy that is inherent to Nepal’s ongoing earthquake response–and not be aware of the tremendous diversity of life experiences encompassed by humanity. Not only are our lives different, but how we see and interact with the world is different. And we are different.

The pattern of human differences is, in part, a product of our evolutionary past. This is true in two critical ways. First, the pattern of inherited differences that forms the substrate of human biological variation is very directly a product of our evolutionary past. The expansions, dispersals, connections, and response to specific regimes of natural selection that human populations have undergone over the many millennia of our past shape the broad outlines of that complex reality. Hiding in plain sight in this pattern is the overwhelming shared similarity that represents all of humanity. We share much of the evolutionarily significant events as part of our common human story. The differences that do exist often defy simple categorizations of human variation that we tend to employ and have employed throughout history, such as social categories of race. Knowing how evolution works and how evolution has worked are important components to understanding why we are different (and similar!) today.

More subtlety, how we cognitively and linguistically interact with each other, how we recognize and identify similarities and differences between ourselves and others, is itself a product of our evolutionary past. In other words, our brain has evolved specific mechanisms and we have evolved specific developmentally plastic pathways to shape how we identify people apart from us. The interplay between culture and biology through evolved cognitive structures is hugely important. And hugely consequential for how we understand the often tragic and horrific path of human history when it comes to responses to systems of human categorization.

Check out the AAA’s “Understanding Race” project for more information.

From the AAA “Understanding Race” project

Understanding how we are different (and how little), and how and why evolution has shaped human variation in the ways that it has, provides an important vantage point on human diversity in the present.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , , | Comments Off on Reason #8 to enroll in 207x

Reason #9 to enroll in 207x

Continuing my series on the top 10 reasons to enroll in Anthropology 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution), which officially begins on May 6th….

Previous entries:
#10 Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.

Reason #9 – It is open and free.

This one is almost too easy. Anthropology 207x is free. It costs you nothing to enroll, browse, explore, and learn. There is an option to pay a small fee for a “verified certificate” from the course, but all of the content, all of the material, all of the exercises are fully open and free.

The fact that this course is free and open is important to me for reasons that go well beyond increasing enrollment. Evolution remains poorly understood and stubbornly controversial within the United States and many other parts of the world. As such, resources for learning and teaching about evolution can, at times, be difficult to access. For more details on this, you can check out last week’s Science Friday podcast, which featured a segment with Dr. Amanda Glaze (@evophd) on the challenges and opportunities of being a science instructor in the U.S. South (you can also check out their web discussion here). I would like 207x to be one small effort to change that.

It was hugely gratifying to see so many positive responses from learners who took the course in its first run who are also teachers. I would like to see that success again:

It has been 20 years since I took evolution and I feel that I have a better grasp than ever on the origins of humans and their relationship to other primates. This is my second MOOC course and I have thoroughly enjoyed learning in the format just for the sake of learning. It will make me a better teacher if I continue to work on the areas I am weak and that is my ultimate goal. THANK YOU!

I want to thank Edx, Wellesley and especially APV for making such an interesting MOOC. I felt I was at university. I had to solve some problems as I kept on with the course due to my ignorance, but I’ve learnt so much. Yes, so much that I find myself at parties or “ASADOS” (I live in Argentina), talking about Evolution and genetics and so many other things. It is a topic that relates to every aspect of our lives. As a teacher, I must tell you that you’ve inspired me. I’ve enrolled in other evolution courses, and I hope you will organize a second round.

I’m a high school Biology teacher and I really enjoyed every lecture. I learned so much and can’t wait to share some of my new knowledge with my students. I can’t thank you enough for taking the time to offer all of the content for FREE- wow edx and Professor Van Arsdale- great MOOC!!

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , | Comments Off on Reason #9 to enroll in 207x

Reason #10 to enroll in 207x

With the re-launch of Anth 207x (Introduction to Human Evolution) just 10 days away, I wanted to highlight some of the reasons you should consider enrolling in the course. Each day between now and May 6th, the start date for the course, I will highlight one reason to take 207x. Without further ado…

Reason #10 – Origin stories are captivating. Scientific origin stories can be unifying.

My father is currently in the midst of what seems to be some kind of right of passage for a certain kind of recently retired person. He is investigating our family lineage. Where did we—and in this case, the broad ancestral web of kin that represent “we”—come from? What stories are part of our past? He has tried to convince me that at some point in that ever expanding web we cross paths with the original governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and a Moroccan pirate with five or six wives. I am skeptical. But my dad is fascinated. In 30+ years maybe I will be, too.

Nearly every cultural tradition has an origin story or myth as part of its heritage. In cultures of faith, such stories are often foundational, connecting the realities of the present to a divine and infinite past. Browse across cultures and many of these stories are fascinating, incorporating elements of human nature with supernatural events. In some faiths, humans are created from mud, in others, from water. The supernatural aspects of these stories require faith. Were I to believe, for example, that the heavens and earth and all things in it were created in seven days would be to suspend my understanding of how the world around me works. It would, in other words, require faith. No observation I could make could prove or support the story. Indeed, were I to depend on such an observation I would be leaving the world of “faith” behind. As such, origin stories of this kind are inherently personal. If I believe one thing and my neighbor believes another, there is no guarantee anything can bridge this gap in belief between us. Certainly, many cultures of faith find overlap in the principals they espouse or the practices they perform, creating ecumenical structures. But faith does not guarantee such outcomes.

Part of humanity's shared evolutionary past, coming out of the ground....

Part of humanity’s shared evolutionary past, coming out of the ground….

Human evolution is the story of where all of us, the entire human species, comes from. And unlike stories of faith, our evolutionary history is not grounded in belief. It is grounded in observation. It comes from our understanding of the principles which govern biological change through time and our knowledge of specific fossils drawn from the past. While science typically falls short of this goal, in theory, science seeks to create an understanding the brings people together in a mutual interpretation of shared observations. Science bridges. Human evolution is story of our past that we all share in common.

I will have additional updates each day between now and May 6, when the course goes live.

Enroll in 207x here!

Posted in Evolution, Teaching | Tagged , , | Comments Off on Reason #10 to enroll in 207x

Finalizing my course on poverty…

What have I missed in my syllabus? (click link below for preliminary syllabus)

Anth314S15

Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on Finalizing my course on poverty…

#BioAnth at AAA: the meeting within a meeting

Last week the American Anthropological Association held their annual meetings in Washington, D.C. This is the largest gathering of anthropologists in the world, this year topping 7,000 registered attendees. But of this large group, only a small fraction are members of the Biological Anthropology Section (BAS). This creates an interesting dynamic. On one hand, all of the typical trappings of a large-scale conference are present (including the high price tag), with hordes of people roaming the halls and staking out every available outlet in the lobby, a seemingly endless number of overlapping paper sessions, and that steady background hum of academic conversation. And yet, for someone focused primarily on biological anthropology, the space can feel quite intimate.

This year I was kept busy at the meetings primarily with business work (e.g. conducting job interviews for a search in our department, reviewing BAS student prize submissions, volunteering at a workshop on post-grad school employment), but the past two years I have participated on some of the most exciting panels I have been part of in my career to date.

AAA2013Entagling

Last year, it was, “Entangling the Biological: Steps Towards and Integrative Anthropology.” Organized by Katie MacKinnon and Agustin Fuentes, this was an all-star panel (and I do not include myself in that categorization), featuring Jim McKenna, Jon Marks, Libby Cowgill, Kristi Lewton, Lee Gettler, Michael Park, Karen Strier, Michelle Benzanson, Robin Nelson, Lance Gravelee, Erin Riley, and Julienne Rutherford. Rock stars all of them. But also scholars representing a variety of sub-disciplines in biological anthropology and coming from across several generations of scholarship within biological anthropology. Here is proof:

AAA2013group

It is hard to have rich dialogues across this kind of spectrum of scholarship at the AAPA meetings, for example, where the concentration of ~3000 biological anthropologists inevitably causes you to drift towards your own sub-sub-fields and colleagues with whom you have worked and spent time with in the field in the past. This is not a criticism of the AAPAs or similar conferences, but only meant to point out the strength of the AAA as a biological anthropologist. The AAAs, despite their size, offer a unique “meeting within a meeting” experience.

Two years ago, I co-organized a panel with Jamie Clark. Our goal, once again, was to bring together scholars from a range of backgrounds within anthropology to talk about modern human origins. We were able to bring together Milford Wolpoff, Frank Marlowe, Julien Riel-Salvatore, Tanya Smith, Marissa Sobolewski, April Nowell, Luke Premo, John Hawks, Eric Heffter, and Alan Barnard…all in one room, all to talk about recent human evolution. Primatologists, demographers, geneticists, linguists, paleoanthropologists, archaeologists, dental anthropologists…all talking together and to one another.

AAA2012group

The NSF and Wenner-Gren have funding available to organize invited workshops around particular themes (which are fantastic), but the funding and opportunity is limited. Essentially, we had the opportunity to tailor our own themed conference, piggy-backing on the existing structure of AAAs. The AAAs are expensive, but if you are smart about it, you can generate a lot of intellectual value out of the experience by setting up the kind of interactions that are often impossible in other settings. Following each of the above panels, the panelists were all able to carry on the conversations started during the session to dinner, and for many of us, the bar afterwards. Two years later, I am still productively working on ideas that came up in those conversations.

AAA2012posttalk

Why do I bring all of this up now? Well, as it turns out, I am the incoming Program Chair for the Biological Anthropology Section of the AAA. Now is the time to start thinking about panels you might be interested in putting together for next year’s meetings which will be in Denver, and I am the person to get in touch with for feedback on those ideas. The AAAs are valuable, but overwhelming. But the BAS portion of the AAAs?….they are free to be shaped in ways that create a degree of academic intimacy hard to achieve in larger settings. And if you are a biological anthropologist inclined towards the holistic view of anthropology, the BAS is an invaluable professional network and set of colleagues.

Posted in Anthropology, Evolution | Tagged , , , , | Comments Off on #BioAnth at AAA: the meeting within a meeting